Management Step-by-Step Basics Every ICT Student Must Know

Management Step-by-Step Basics Every ICT Student Must Know

• Current economic and social development has resulted great number of businesses that fulfill expanding human needs and wants.
• These businesses operate with an expectation of achieving specific objective while satisfying human needs and wants.
• There is large number of businesses but all the businesses are not operated successfully. Same time some of the businesses are closed.
• The success/Failure of a business depends on the extent to which businesses achieve its objective.
• If a business is to achieve its expected objective it has to use its resources productively.
• In general the nature of the resources that they are limited compared to the unlimited to the human wants.
• The resources such as labour, raw material, cash and machine are resources of the business (own by the business).
• Business should have the ability to utilize such resources to obtain maximum benefits while minimizing the waste. It means that a business should aim at obtaining a higher level of output with the limited resources. This objective is achieved through management.
• Management is the process of planning, organizing, leading, controlling the resources own by the business in order to achieve objective of a business efficiently and effectively. Effectiveness means using resources to obtain maximum output from the minimum resources.

Management Process

Management is a continuous process, consist of four main process/ management functions.

• Planning
• Organising
• Leading
• Controlling

Planning

It is a process of determining the objectives of the business and determining the activities to achieve the objectives.

Ex:
Objective: A Business constructing and selling houses plans to earn profit by selling quality houses to its consumers.

Activities:
Determining how the construction and selling will be carried out.
Determining required employees and resources.
Determining how to obtain the required resources?

Organizing

Organizing is the process of distributing required resources, job roles, tasks in order to implement the planned activities to achieve the objective of the business.

Ex:
Appointing managers to sales activity of the business.
Allocating employees & resources for each manager.

Leading

Leading is the process of directing human resources appropriately when implementing the planned process. They should be led by giving information and instruction and motivating them to do the relevant activity.

Controlling

Controlling is the process of finding out whether the business activities are implemented as planned, if not identify the errors and taking necessary measures to correct them.

How ICT Supports Management Functions

Planning

• ICT helps managers plan effectively by providing accurate and timely information.
• Data analysis tools (Excel, BI software) help forecast sales and trends
• Management Information Systems (MIS) support decision-making
• Project management software helps set goals, schedules, and budgets
Result: Better plans with minimum risk and maximum utilization of resources

Organizing

• ICT supports efficient organization of resources and tasks.
• Databases store employee, customer, and resource information
• ERP systems integrate departments (HR, Finance, Operations)
• Cloud platforms allow easy sharing of files and responsibilities Result: Smooth coordination and proper allocation of resources

Leading

• ICT improves communication, motivation, and leadership.
• Email, messaging apps, and video conferencing improve communication
• Learning Management Systems (LMS) support training and skill development
• Performance tracking systems help motivate employees Result: Strong leadership and motivated workforce

Controlling

• ICT helps managers monitor and control activities.
• Real-time reports and dashboards track performance
• Accounting and inventory systems control costs and resources
• Automated alerts identify errors and deviations quickly Result: Effective control and achievement of business goals