Complete ICT Revision Notes
Data • Information • IT • Processing • Levels • Exam Success Guide
1. Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
ICT is the use of computers, software and communication systems to manage information.
- Used in schools, banks, hospitals
- Helps decision making
- Combines IT + Communication
Example: Online banking, e-learning platforms
2. Data vs Information
Data
Raw facts without meaning
Information
Processed data with meaning
| Data | Information |
|---|---|
| Raw | Processed |
| No meaning | Meaningful |
| Input | Output |
Q: Difference between data and information?
A: Data is raw facts, information is processed meaningful data.
A: Data is raw facts, information is processed meaningful data.
3. Data Processing
Input → Process → Output → Storage
- Input: Data collection
- Process: Calculation
- Output: Information
- Storage: Save results
Example: Marks → Calculation → Result sheet
4. Types of Information
- Internal Information
- External Information
- Strategic Information
- Tactical Information
- Operational Information
5. Information Technology (IT)
IT is the use of computers to store and process data.
- Part of ICT
- Used in automation
- Used in communication systems
Example: ATM machines, online shopping
6. Levels of Information
Strategic
Top level management (long-term)
Tactical
Middle management (short-term)
Operational
Daily operations
Q: Name levels of information?
A: Strategic, Tactical, Operational
A: Strategic, Tactical, Operational
7. Characteristics of Information
| Accuracy | Timeliness |
| Relevance | Completeness |
| Reliability | Validity |
8. Limitations of Computers
- No thinking ability
- No emotions
- No decision-making
9. Properties of Information
- Reusable
- Shareable
- Does not get destroyed
- Can represent past and future
10. Cost of Information Systems
- Hardware cost
- Software cost
- Maintenance cost
- Training cost
11. Exam Questions
Q: What is ICT?
A: ICT is use of computers and communication systems to manage information.
A: ICT is use of computers and communication systems to manage information.
Q: What is data processing?
A: Converting raw data into meaningful information.
A: Converting raw data into meaningful information.
12. High Marks Tips
✔ Write definitions first
✔ Give examples
✔ Use keywords
✔ Use tables in answers
✔ Give examples
✔ Use keywords
✔ Use tables in answers
Common Mistakes:
❌ No definitions
❌ No examples
❌ Confusing data & information
❌ No definitions
❌ No examples
❌ Confusing data & information
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